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| 骨科生物力学研究的测量方法学专家共识 |
| Expert consensus about the methodology of bone biomechanical measurement |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 骨科 生物力学 测量方法 指南 |
| 英文关键词:Orthopedic Biomechanics Method of measurement Guideline |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1266 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 骨科生物力学是以骨骼肌肉系统为对象,利用生物力学的方法将工程原理,尤其是机械力学原理应用于临床医学来解 决骨科所遇到的问题的一门生物力学领域中相当重要的分支学科。骨科生物力学研究中常通过测试和测量骨、骨骼肌、肌腱 和韧带、关节、脊柱等骨骼肌肉系统的力学特性参数，对标本进行综合评价。骨科生物力学测试测量方法包括机械测试方法、 接触式测量方法以及非接触式测量方法。机械测试方法包括拉压试验、弯曲试验、扭转试验、纯剪切试验、疲劳试验、拔出试 验、阻力矩试验、微力学试验等。接触式力学测量方法包括电阻应变测量方法、硬度测试方法等。非接触式力学测量方法包 括光测法、声测法以及磁测法等。此外，还有计算机三维图像重建和有限元分析方法、分子生物力学研究方法以及三维捕捉 和步态分析方法。上述方法在骨科生物力学研究的测试和测量中有各自的应用范围以及各自的优点以及不足。本文通过对 这些方法的原理、应用范围以及优缺点的介绍,给相关领域研究者们提供方法学的指引，以便于在骨科生物力学研究中选择 合适的测量方法。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As an important branch of biomechanics, bone biomechanics, which applies the engineering principle especially the mechanical principle to clinical medicine, aims at solving orthopedic problems about musculoskeletal system by utilizing biomechanical methods. In order to evaluate the mechanical property of the sample comprehensively, the bone biomechanical research mainly tests and measures the mechanical property of musculoskeletal system, including the bone, the skeletal muscle, the tendon, the ligament, the joint, and the spine. The methodology of the bone biomechanics consists of the mechanical test, the contacting measurement, and the non-contacting measurement. The mechanical test includes compression test, tensile test, bending test, torsion test, pure shear test, fatigue test, pull-out test, torque test, and micromechanical test, etc. The contacting measurement includes resistance strain gauge technique and hardness test. The non-contact measurement includes optical method, acoustic method, and magnetic method. In addition, other methods such as computerized three-dimensional reconstruction and finite element analysis, molecular biological method, and three - dimensional capture and gait analysis are also included. The methods mentioned above have their own range of application, advantages, and limitations in the bone biomechanical research. This article provides the guidelines of methodology in the field of bone biomechanics by introducing principles, ranges of application, advantages, and limitations, which may benefit for researchers to select suitable methods in the study. |
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