| Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly, and its greatest damage is the increased risk of fractures．Along with the population ageing, the incidence of osteoporotic fracture has increased significantly, which draws general attention by medical researchers．In recent years, many studies show that osteoporosis is often associated with some chronic diseases. In this paper, the advance in the research of osteoporosis in special population, who are with ankylosing spondylitis, chronic inflammation, nephrotic syndrome, schizophrenia, and dysgnosia, are summarized in order to further clarify the relationship between osteoporosis and these diseases. In these diseases, the factors to induce osteoporosis include: 1) Inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 that suppress bone formation and promote loss of bone mass by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway and unbalancing OPG/RANKL/RANK system; 2) The lack of Ca2+, Vit D, estrogen, and some cytokines that participate bone metabolism caused by organ dysfunction has been associated with osteoporosis. 3) The use of glucocorticoid, antiepileptics, etc affects bone metabolism. 4) Unhealthy lifestyle, lack of sunshine and exercise, malnutrition, and low body mass index also play an important role in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is associated with many factors. In the elderly, especially in elderly with other chronic diseases, it is necessary to monitor bone mineral density in order to have early diagnosis and treatment. |