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| 股骨颈的实验力学研究 |
| An experimental mechanical test study on the femoral neck |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006.7108.2015.09.009 |
| 中文关键词: 股骨颈 松质骨 模量 颈干角 扭转角 |
| 英文关键词:Femoral neck Cancellous bone Modulus Neck shaft angle Torsion angle |
| 基金项目:江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目；国家自然 科学基金项目（31270998) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 股骨的不同颈干角、不同扭转角以及弹性模量对股骨颈中松质骨受力的影响。方法 在股骨颈的松质骨中植人力传感器，在Instron材料试验机上进行两种不同的加载速度，四种不同载荷进行试验分析。结果 颈干角越大，股骨颈中的松质骨的受力越小，扭转角越大，受力越小，股骨模量与股骨颈中的松质骨受力相关，快速的冲击使股骨颈中的松质骨承受较大的力，但是当超过松质骨的弹性形变，慢速的压缩载荷使松质骨承受较大的应力。结论 正常的颈干角，扭转角是有利于松质骨的承受负荷，颈干角大，松质骨受力变小，不利于股骨颈中的松质骨的骨小梁的保持，尤其是发生骨质疏松，松质骨变得稀疏，更不能承力，容易发生骨折。扭转角大，松质骨受力变小，也会造成松质骨的稀疏，骨折的风险也会大。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the influence of different neck shaft angle，torsion angle，and elastic modulus in the force characteristics of the cancellous bone of the femoral neck. Methods A sensor was implanted in the cancellous bone of the femoral neck. The bone under two loading rate and four kinds of load was tested using Instron testing machine. Results The larger the neck shaft angle was，the smaller the force of the cancellous bone of femoral neck bore. The larger the torsion angle was，the smaller the force it bore. The modulus of femur neck was related to the force that the cancellous bone of femoral neck bore. Rapid impact made the cancellous bone of the femoral neck stood larger force. When the force was beyond the elastic deformation of the cancellous bone，compressive load under slow speed made cancellous bone stood greater stress. Conclusion Normal neck shaft angle and torsion angle are beneficial to the bearing capacity of the cancellous bone. When neck shaft angle gets larger, the cancellous bone stands less force，which is not beneficial to the stability of the cancellous bone of femoral neck. Especially in osteoporosis，the cancellous bone becomes sparse，which is vulnerable to the load and is prone to fracture. Larger torsion angle and less force standing by the cancellous bone can also cause the thinning of the cancellous bone and higher risk of fracture. |
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