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| 运动防治老年人骨质疏松的研究进展 |
| Research progress in prevention and treatment of senile osteoporosis with exercise |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006.7108.2015.11.020 |
| 中文关键词: 运动治疗 骨质疏松 老年人 |
| 英文关键词:Exercise therapy Osteoporosis Elderly |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（81372118) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 骨质疏松症（osteoporosis,OP)现已成为世界十大慢性疾病之一,50岁以上的人群中,30%的女性和10%的男性都患有OP。国际上将OP从病因学上简单地分为原发性、继发性、特发性骨质疏松症三大类;原发性骨质疏松是随着年龄增长必然发生的一种生理退行性病变,发病人群主要为老年人,可分为绝经后骨质疏松症和老年性骨质疏松症。绝经后骨质疏松症是指妇女绝经后雌激素迅速减少，骨吸收大于形成，骨量丢失加快；老年性骨质疏松症是指随着年龄增加，人体单位体积骨量低于正常，骨小梁间隙增大、骨基质减少、骨强度降低。OP会使老年人骨结构遭到破坏，骨折风险增加，肌肉力量下降，造成身体不同部位的疼痛和麻木，降低生活质量。目前针对OP的治疗方法主要有药物治疗、营养治疗和运动治疗。其中运动作为OP的一种康复干预手段，因其能改善骨生物力学及有效减少骨量继续流失的特性，准确适度的运动处方已作为一种相对经济、高效、安全的治疗方法，在OP的临床治疗用中备受医务工作人员和患者的关注。在此我们将不同运动疗法对老年人及绝经 后老年妇女骨质疏松症的影响做一综述，希望对今后老年人群OP的预防及治疗有所帮助。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Osteoporosis (OP) has become one of the ten biggest chronic diseases in the world. In the population over 50 years old, 30% of women and 10% of men suffer from the disease. OP is classified to 3 types, primary OP, secondary OP, and idiopathic OP, according to their etiology. Primary OP is a disease characterized by physiological degeneration along with aging. The disease population is elder people. It can be classified to postmenopausal OP and senile OP. Postmenopausal OP is characterized by rapid decrease of estrogen，loss of bone mass，and bone resorption over formation. Senile OP is characterized by lower bone mass per unit over normal, increase of space between the trabeculae, reduction of bone matrix，and decrease of bone strength，along with the age rising. OP in the elderly can lead to deterioration of bone structure, increase of fracture risk, decrease of muscle strength, pain and numbness in different location of the body, and decrease of live quality. Currently the treatment of OP includes drug therapy, nutrition therapy, and exercise therapy. Exercise therapy, as a rehabilitation method, can improve bone biomechanics and effectively reduce continuous bone loss. Precise and moderate exercise prescription has become a economic, high efficient, and safe therapeutic method, and drawn much attention by the medical workers and patients in the clinic. We review the different exercise therapy methods for senile and postmenopausal OP, and hope it is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of OP in elder population. |
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