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| 自噬在软骨内成骨中的调控作用研究进展 |
| Advance in research on the regulatory action of autophagy during the endochondral ossification process |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006.7108.2016.12.026 |
| 中文关键词: 自噬 软骨内成骨 生长板 软骨细胞 |
| 英文关键词:Autophagy Endochondral ossification Growth plate Chondrocyte |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（81573100) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 哺乳动物的骨发生有两种不同的形式，一种是膜内成骨，另一种是软骨内成骨，后者是骨骼形成的主要方式。软骨内成骨是由间充质细胞先分化为软骨，随着血管的产生，软骨逐渐被骨组织取代，此过程受到一系列激素及生长因子相互作用、相互调节的严密调控。骨骺生长板中的软骨细胞分裂、成熟、肥大是软骨内成骨的关键过程。自噬是一种广泛存在于细胞中的高度保守的细胞降解代谢途径，利用溶酶体降解胞内物质，重复利用大分子的过程。缺氧和营养缺乏的内环境能使自噬活性相关控制基因激活，大量吞噬溶酶体形成，提高自噬水平。生长板无血管的结构使得位于生长板中间的软骨细胞处于氧气和营养物质相对缺乏的内环境中，对氧气和营养物质较敏感，自噬活性改变，产生相应的调控作用。近年来，不仅自噬在癌症、衰老、中枢神经系统损伤等领域的研究取得了较大进展，学者们对自噬在软骨细胞中的作用及其机制给予广泛关注，发现自噬有利于软骨细胞的生存与细胞外基质的降解。本文主要从自噬调控软骨内成骨的作用及相关调控因子，对自噬在软骨内成骨中的调控进行相关综述，以期能对相关骨代谢性疾病的治疗提供新的思路。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| There are two forms of bone formation in mammal，intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification，and the latter is the main way of bone formation. Endochondral ossification is a strictly regulated process that mesenchymal cells differentiate into cartilage and then substituted by bone tissue with vascularization, which is controlled by a series of hormones and growth factors. The key steps include the fission, maturation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes in the avascular growth plate. As a result, these chondrocytes are in a hypoxia and malnutrition environment and become sensitive to it. Autophagy is a highly conservative metabolic degradation pathway and exists extensively in various cells in which intracellular materials are degraded by lysosome and then recycled. Recently, progress has not only been made in autophagy with cancer, senescence, central nervous system, but also on the relationship between autophagy and chondrocytes. It has been shown that autophagy can affect the survival of chondrocytes as well as the degradation of extracellular matrix. This paper mainly reviewed the regulatory action of autophagy during the process of endochondral ossification focusing on its actions and relevant influencing factors. We hope this review will provide new ideas for the treatment of bone metabolic diseases. |
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