| Epidemiology study shows that incidence of osteoporotic fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients increases comparing to that in healthy population. Therefore, more attention should be paid on the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures for T2DM patients. In spite of the conflicting results concerning the influence of BMD on T2DM, the risk of fracture increases. The underlying mechanism of T2DM–related osteoporosis is associated with the alterations of IGF-1, sclerostin, glucose toxicity, PTH, osteocalcin, oxidative stress, and other metabolic factors. Both research study and clinical trials on T2DM show that drugs for diabetes and osteoporosis cause the change of bone turnover. In T2DM patients, monitoring, identification, and prevention of potential risk factors for osteoporosis are crucial in terms of decreasing the risk of fracture and preserving a good quality of life. Furthermore, good glycemic control, adequate calcium vitamin D intake, preventing falls, and enhanced regular exercise are required as well. |