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| 不同类型运动对中老年人肌力、骨密度影响研究 |
| Effects of different types of exercise training on muscle force and BMD in middle-aged and older Chinese adults |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-7108.2017.05.009 |
| 中文关键词: 最大力矩 肌肉量 阻力训练 综合式运动 |
| 英文关键词:Peak torque Muscle mass Resistance training Multicomponent exercise |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探讨24周三种不同阻力强度与类型的运动训练介人,对中老年人在骨质密度、身体组成及低角速度肌力的影 响。方法 共有53位51 ~70岁的健康中老年人完成本研究,前测最大肌力后,对受试者进行编号，计算机程序随机配对分为 控制组13人(60.8±2.9岁）、中阻力组14人（62.0± 5.4岁）、高阻力组13人（62.3±3.6岁）及综合式运动组13人 (62.2 ±4.7岁）；运动组进行持续24周、每周2次、每次75分钟的渐进式运动训练课程,包括中阻力组2组50% 1RM (13~15次〉及高阻力组2组80% 1RM(8~10次）的全身性9项机械式阻力运动训练,综合式运动组则从亊1组50% 1RM (13 ~15次）的阻力运动及30分钟有氧运动，控制组则维持正常作息不多做额外的运动。四组受试者于实验前后均进行骨密、 肌肉量和上下肢等速肌力的评估,并以单因素方差分析检验因变项的变化。结果 24周实驗后，骨密部分:控制组几乎所有测量部位均呈现现下降趋势，其中腰椎下降至1.7% ,运动训练组则依测量部位与分组不同有相异的适应情况,其中综合运动组在腰椎增加的幅度显著高于中阻力及控制组，中阻力组除股骨颈上升的趋势外，在手臂、腰椎、全身呈下降,并显著低于高阻力组;而高阻力组骨密则各部位均有增加，在手臂、腰椎与全身显著高于控制与中阻力，腿部则显著高于控制与整合组,但肌肉量方面：运动组皆于手臂肌肉置较控制组显著增加，腿部与全身肌肉改变量四组间皆没有差异;肌力部分:上肢在中、高 阻力组的肱三头肌较控制组显著提升15.5%~26.1%,下肢則以腿后腱肌群进步43.4% ~56.9%最为明显;综合运动组于肘关节和膝关节的屈伸的力量与控制组皆没有显著差异。结论 24周不同类型的训练,对于促进中老年人骨密度以高阻力运动最为有效,在对于肌肉量的效益,整合式与阻力式三种运动型态影响的程度相近;但对于等速肌力的效果,则以阻力运动的影 响较好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To examine the effects of 24-week exercise intervention with three different exercise intensities and modes on bone mineral density, body composition and isokinetic strength in middle-aged and elder adults. Methods 53 healthy volunteers aged 51 -70 years were randomly assigned to 4 groups after a pre-study maximum strength test, including control group (CG, n = 13，aged 60. 8 ±2. 9 years), moderate-load resistance group (MRG, ? = 14, 62. 0±5.4 years) , high-load resistance group (HRG, n = 13, 62. 3 ±3.6 years), and multi-component exercise group ( MEG, n = 13, 62. 2 ± 4. 7 years). Participants in the three exercise groups performed 75 minutes of progressive training program 2 days per week for 24 weeks. Exercises included total body workout using 9 different resistance training machines, including 2 sets of 50% 1RM (13-15 reps) for MRG and 2 sets of 80% 1RM (8 - 10 reps) for HRG. MEG performed 1 set of 50% 1RM (13-15 reps) of resistance training and 30 minutes of aerobic exercise. CG was asked to maintain lifestyle as usual without additional exercise or physical activity. Bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, and isokinetic strength of upper and lower limbs were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and Biodex System 4 PRO before and after training (0 and 25 weeks). Results After 24 weeks, in CG the BMD of lumbar spine decreased by 1.7% and the average BMD of all sties decreased by
0. 85% . The exercise groups showed different adaptation at different parts of the body for different exercise regimes. Lumbar spine BMD of the MEG had significantly greater increase than that of the MRG and CG. MRG had shown increase in femoral neck BMD, but arm, lumbar spine and total body BMD were all significantly lower than that of the HRG. The BMD of HRG increased ( + 0. 2 to + 1. 5% ) for all body parts, with arm, lumbar spine and total body BMD all significantly higher than that of MRG and CG. Arm lean mass in the exercise groups ( +1.7 ~ 2. 8% ) improved greater than CG ( -0.7 ?1.3% ). Triceps strength increase by 15. 5 %~26. 1% in MRG and HRG and for lower limb muscle strength, hamstring strength had the greatest increase of 43. 4 ~ 56. 9% , all significantly greater than those of CG. Conclusion After 24 weeks of training, the high-load resistance training program has positive effects on BMD in middle-aged and older adults. However, there were similar responses for muscle mass between the three exercise programs. Isokinetic strength benefited greatly from resistance training. |
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