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| 无机元素与脆性骨折 |
| Inorganic elements and fragility fractures |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006.7108.2017.11.026 |
| 中文关键词: 无机元素 脆性骨折 骨质疏松 |
| 英文关键词:Inorganic elements Fragility fractures Osteoporosis |
| 基金项目:上海市卫生和计划生育委员会课题 (140612111756534);上海市自然科学基金项目(15411951500)；上海市卫生计生系统重要薄弱学科建设计划（2015ZB0501) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 骨质疏松症是以骨密度下降和骨微结构破坏的一种系统性骨病，脆性骨折是骨质疏松症的主要并发症，而无机元素在体内的浓度水平与脆性骨折的发生率紧密相关，但分子作用机制尚未清楚。无机元素又分为3类，一类为常量元素，包括钙、磷和镁等元素;第2类为必需微量元素，包括氟、铜、铁、锌等元素;第3类为毒性重金属元素，包括汞、铅、铬等元素。无机元素在体内的浓度水平可能影响骨骼的生长发育和骨组织的代谢活动，如常量元素中的钙和磷元素是组成羟基磷灰石的主要成分，必需微量元素中的锌、铜和锰对骨形成和骨矿化有着不可或缺的作用，毒性重金属元素的铅和镉对骨组织有明显的毒性作用。本文就体内存在的多种无机元素与脆性骨折的关系作一综述，旨为预防和诊治骨质疏松症与脆性骨折提供一定的理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Osteoporosis is a multi-systemic bone disease with characteristics of bone density decrease and bone microarchitecture damage. The primary complication of osteoporosis is fragility fractures. Inorganic element level in the body is related to the incidence of fragility fractures. However，the molecular mechanism is not fully understood and elucidated. Inorganic elements are divided into three categories. The first category is the constant elements，including calcium，phosphorus，and magnesium. The second category is essential trace elements，including fluorine，copper，iron，and zinc. The third category is toxic heavy-metal elements，including mercury，lead，and chromium. The concentration of inorganic elements may interfere with growth，development，and metabolism of the bone. For example，constant elements of calcium and phosphorus are the main composition of hydroxyapatite， essential trace elements of zinc，copper，and manganese play an indispensable role in bone formation and mineralization，and toxic heavy-metal elements of lead and cadmium have toxic effects on the bone. This article reviews the relationship between inorganic elements and fragility fractures，thus providing theoretical basis for clinical prevention，diagnosis，and treatment of fragility fractures and osteoporosis. |
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