老年肌肉减少症与离心抗阻训练研究进展
A review of Sarcopenia and eccentric resistance training
  
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006.7108.2018.05.024
中文关键词:  老年肌肉减少症  离心抗阻训练  传统抗阻训练  爆发力抗阻训练
英文关键词:Sarcopenia  Eccentric resistance training  Traditional resistance training  Power resistance training
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作者单位
李文惠1 韩雪2 贾为宗3 张静3* 孙增鑫4 1.邢台医学高等专科学校康复教研室河北 邢台 054000 2.沧州医学高等专科学院医学系内科教研室河北 沧州 060001 3.河北师范大学体育学院河北 石家庄 050016 4.河北省人民医院康复医学科河北 石家庄 050051 
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中文摘要:
      老年肌肉减少症是随年龄增长而出现的骨骼肌量逐年衰减、肌肉功能逐年衰退的骨骼肌退行性疾病,正常人均可出现。患者的爆发力下降最为明显,平衡功能受损,因而频繁跌倒而致伤。抗阻训练是一种对抗老年肌肉减少症的有效干预方式,包括传统抗阻训练、爆发力抗阻训练和离心抗阻训练。近年来,离心抗阻训练在干预老年肌肉减少症的病理进程、预防和治疗运动损伤、提高老年人功能活动能力方面的作用凸显。通过适度拉长肌肉的离心训练不仅能够提高绝对肌力,还能够提高起动速度,增加爆发力的起动力量,继而提高爆发力。此外,离心训练还能增强制动力量,使机体能够快速有效地制动、减速、转向等,提高机体对运动的控制能力,有效地提高平衡能力,避免因运动控制不良导致的运动损伤,能够有效地预防跌倒,避免因跌倒所致的骨折等病症。但是,由于离心抗阻训练需要较高的技巧,目前仍未确立安全有效的训练方法和负荷强度等相关参数,因而仍期待更多的相关实验研究。本文综述了近年来研究者在离心抗阻训练与老年肌肉减少症方面相关的研究进展,以期为后续研究抛砖引玉。
英文摘要:
      Sarcopenia is degenerative changes of skeletal muscles in normal people with aging. The mass of skeletal muscles and the muscle function decline year by year. It appears obviously the loss of explosive power and impaired balancing function, thus arouses more falls and injuries. Resistance training,which involves traditional resistance training,power resistance training and eccentric resistance training,is an effective intervention against Sarcopenia.Recently the eccentric resistancetraining stands out,for its outstanding effects on intervention of Sarcopenia’s pathological process, on prevention and treatment of athletic injuries,and improvement of the functional ability in the elderly. By proper eccentric training which lengthens muscles,the trainers’ absolutemuscle force can be improve.as well as the starting speed and starting force. Thus the power can be improved. In addition,eccentric resistance training can improve our body’s ability to contral movement and balance ability by enhancing braking force,which enables our body braking,decelerating and steering quickly and efficiently. Thus falls,sports injuries factures and soon caused by poor contral of movement can be avoided. However, for eccentric training needs higher skills,to establish a safe and effective training methods and related parameters such as load intensity,more related experimental research is still expected. In this study, we reviewed the current relevant literratures to assess the therapeutic potential of eccentric exercises on Sarcopenia.
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