| The incidence of osteoporosis (OP) is related to the destruction of the balance of bone metabolism. Enhancing bone resorption, bone formation insufficient, as well as the bone homeostasis alternation, all of these will cause OP. Osteogenic deficiency has a close relationship with the differentiation direction of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC). Decreased osteogenic differentiation and increased adipogenic differentiation of BMSC are important mechanisms of the pathogenesis of OP. Therefore, seeking the key factor that determines the differentiation direction of BMSC provides new strategies for the research and treatment of OP. Exosomes are membranous vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space. They are rich in different kinds of biologically active substances, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and signal molecules, participating in regulating and completing the exchange and transmission of information among cells, as well as influencing intracellular signal transduction. Studies indicate that BMSC-derived exosomes can effectively relief the symptoms of OP, promote BMSC proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and bone regeneration. This article reviews the research progress of BMSC-derived exosomes in OP. |