| Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease with decreased bone mass, destructive micro-structure，and increase of the fracture risk. Osteoporotic fracture is a common complication of osteoporosis, which happens mostly in the elderly, but it may also occur in other age groups. The most common sites of fragility fractures occur in the hip, spine, and wrist joints. There are a variety of available and effective treatment methods for osteoporosis, such as bisphosphonates and calcitonin. However, due to factors such as insufficient knowledge of osteoporosis among doctors and patients, patients’ excessive concerns about side effects of drugs, and high prices of anti-osteoporosis drugs, osteoporosis patients still have lower drug treatment rates and compliance. This leads to a slower increase in bone mineral density and an increase in the incidence of fractures, greatly increasing the clinical and economic burden. Hence, early anti-osteoporosis treatment and long-term adherence to medication can alleviate bone loss and even increase bone mass, which significantly reduces the risk of fracture. This article mainly reviews the current situation of osteoporosis drug treatment rate and compliance, the causes of drug treatment rates and compliance, and puts forward measure to improve the treatment rate and compliance of anti-osteoporosis drugs. |