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| 运动对生长期骨骼影响的基础与临床研究进展 |
| Basic and clinic research progress in the effect of exercise on growing bone |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-7108.2020.05.024 |
| 中文关键词: 生长期 骨质疏松 运动类型 骨密度 |
| 英文关键词:growing period osteoporosis type of exercises bone mineral density |
| 基金项目:上海市学生健康促进工程重大决策咨询课题（HJTY-2016-A08）；上海市人类运动能力开发与保障重点实验室（上海体育学院）课题（11DZ2261100） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着人口老龄化进程加快，骨质疏松的发病率越来越高。相比青少年，老年群体骨密度(bone mineral density，BMD)下降，骨矿含量(bone mineral content，BMC)改变，导致脆性骨折的发生率上升，严重影响了老年人的生活质量和健康状况。目前普遍认为，青少年时期是峰值骨量(peak bone mass，PBM)积累的关键时期，尽可能地提高PBM是延缓或预防老年时期骨质疏松发生的有效措施。此外，大量动物实验和临床试验均表明，不同运动类型对骨有不同的影响，相比于有氧运动，抗阻运动和冲击性运动促进生长期骨量积累的效果更为明显。具体作用机制可能与运动通过ERK、BMP以及Wnt/β-catenin等信号通路对成骨细胞分化的调控密切相关。因此，笔者通过综述不同运动类型对生长期骨骼影响的基础与临床研究，为指导青少年运动锻炼促进骨健康提供科学的理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the acceleration of population aging, the incidence of osteoporosis is increasing. Compared with that in adolescents, bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly decreased and bone mineral content (BMC) changed, resulting in an increase in the incidence of fragility fractures, thus seriously affecting the quality of life and health of the elderly. It is generally believed that adolescence is a critical period for the accumulation of peak bone mass (PBM). To improve PBM as much as possible is an effective measure to delay or prevent osteoporosis in old age. In addition, a lot of animal experiments and clinical experiments have shown that different types of exercise have different effects on bone. Compared with aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and impact exercise promote the accumulation of bone mass during the growth period. The specific mechanism of action may be closely related to the regulation of osteoblast differentiation by ERK, BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, and other signal pathways. Therefore, this paper provides a scientific theoretical basis for guiding adolescent to exercise and promote bone health by reviewing the basic and clinical research of the effects of different exercise types on growth bone. |
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