There is difference of the level of bone mineral density (BMD) between urban and rural areas. However, there is no conclusion where is the location of high or low BMD level. The influential factors intervene and twist with each other. The physiological mechanism has not been explored, and there have been some contrary conclusions. This review summarizes the mature research conclusion. The respective supporting points are arranged and divided into 3 parts, including higher BMD in rural over in urban, higher BMD in urban over in rural, and other factors. Among those, the reasons for higher BMD in rural than in urban include life rhythm, sunshine exposure, sleeping-time, and heavy physical activity. The reasons for higher BMD in urban than in rural include social economic level, education, disparities pregnancy time, menarche age, and environment. The uncertain reasons include smoking, drinking, dietary, and congenital factor. The summary is supported by concrete data and investigates the possible physical and pathologic mechanism causing the difference results. We aim at analyzing and concluding the latest research results to provide data for the further clinical research of BMD between urban and rural areas. On the other hand, we provide the fundamental physical mechanism for improving the relative trial research. |