| Serum osteocalcin (OC) is a vitamin K-dependent protein, It is synthesized and secreted by non-proliferative osteoblasts. OC is one of the specific markers of bone metabolism, reflecting bone activity and bone transformation. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that OC is not only involved in bone metabolism, but also regulates glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in the non-carboxylated form. OC, as an endocrine hormone, participates in glucose metabolism by regulating islet β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and gene polymorphism, regulates the expression of adiponectin and leptin to participate in lipid metabolism, and improves the occurrence and development of NAFLD through Nrf2 pathway and JNK pathway. At the same time, glucose can also regulate the expression of OC. OC receptor, G protein coupled receptor 6A (GPRC6A), is expressed in pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, fat, and other organs, which plays an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Bones, pancreas, fat, and other organs are closely related to energy metabolism. This article reviews the effect of serum OC on glucose and lipid metabolism and its related molecular mechanism. |