| Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic metabolic disease of bone degeneration, which is characterized by reduction of bone mass, degeneration of microstructure of bone tissue, easy fracture and decline of mechanical properties of bone. The formation of bone vessels, the balance of bone formation and bone resorption in bone metabolism, and the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are very important for the occurrence, development, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis. Oxygen is an important condition for the growth, development, and functional metabolism of osteocytes. The bone microenvironment is in a state of natural hypoxia, in which osteoblasts and osteoclasts that maintain bone homeostasis belong to oxygen-sensitive cells. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a nuclear protein with transcriptional activity, and its active subunit HIF-1 α is the core regulator of cellular perception and adaptive oxygen regulation, which plays an irreplaceable role in cellular oxygen regulation. The study of HIF-1 α on bone angiogenesis and bone metabolism provides more possibilities for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Studies have shown that HIF-1 α can regulate bone angiogenesis, osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation through a variety of signal pathways, protein and miRNA, and regulate the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. HIF-1 α may be a potential new target for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The purpose of this article is to review the effect of HIF-1 α on the occurrence and development of osteoporosis and its preventive and therapeutic effect on bone angiogenesis and bone metabolism. |