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| 间充质干细胞源性外泌体在糖尿病性骨质疏松中的研究进展 |
| Research progress of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic osteoporosis |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-7108.2022.01.021 |
| 中文关键词: 外泌体 糖尿病性骨质疏松 间充质干细胞 |
| 英文关键词:exosomes diabetic osteoporosis mesenchymal stem cells |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（81672163，81974340） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 糖尿病性骨质疏松是糖尿病常见的并发症之一，是在糖尿病基础上继发的以骨量减少、骨脆性增加、骨折风险增加为主要特征的代谢性骨病。常规的抗骨质疏松药物对糖尿病性骨质疏松的疗效有限，存在增加非典型骨折的风险，因此亟待寻找新的积极高效的治疗手段。外泌体是一类包含蛋白质、脂质、核酸等物质的胞外囊泡，介导细胞间通讯发挥对靶细胞的生物学效应。近来发现间充质干细胞旁分泌产生的外泌体能够在糖尿病模型中改善胰岛素抵抗、降低炎症水平、促进微血管损伤修复，具有诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化、调控成骨细胞和破骨细胞活动促进骨形成等功能，对治疗糖尿病性骨质疏松具有巨大的前景。笔者主要就间充质干细胞源性外泌体的特性与糖尿病性骨质疏松的相关病理生理机制进行简要综述，为后续应用于疾病治疗的研究提供参考与思路。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Diabetic osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic complications of diabetes, which is secondary to diabetes and characterized by decreased BMD, increased bone fragility, and high risk of fracture. Routine anti-osteoporotic drugs just have slight treatment efficacy for diabetic osteoporosis. They may increase the risk of atypical femoral fractures. Therefore, the search for new and efficient therapeutic measures is necessary. Exosomes as a class of extracellular vesicles that transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, have been recognized as potent vehicles for intercellular communication to influencing various physiological and pathological functions of recipient cells. Recently, it has been found that exosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cell can relieve insulin resistance, reduce inflammation level, and repair microvascular injury in the diabetic model. Furthermore, It has the function of inducing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and regulating osteoblast and osteoclast activity to promote bone formation, which has been thought to have a great prospective for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis. Here, we review the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and related pathophysiological mechanism of diabetic osteoporosis to provide reference and ideas for the further applications in the disease treatment. |
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