| Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that seriously endangers health. In recent years, many studies have reported that the occurrence of osteoporosis is related to the degradation of bone microenvironment angiogenesis. It is considered that there is a close temporal and spatial relationship between bone formation and bone angiogenesis, which is called “angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling”. In addition to delivering oxygen and various nutrients into bone, endothelial cells themselves can secrete certain factors that affect the activity of osteogenic and osteoclastic cells, and certain factors secreted by osteogenic and osteoclastic cells can also act on endothelial cells to influence angiogenesis. The relationship between H subtype capillaries in bone and bone metabolism is particularly close, so it has gradually become a new focus in the treatment of osteoporosis. The cross talk in the musculoskeletal system is enhanced during exercise, and certain muscle factors, metabolic small molecules, and skeletal muscle specific miRNAs secreted by muscle may affect bone angiogenesis, and additionally exercise may directly affect the activity of osteogenic and osteoclastic cells, thereby indirectly regulating bone angiogenesis. This paper will introduce the vascular system in the bone, the changes of bone vessels during osteoporosis and the mechanism of bone vessels improving osteoporosis, and focus on the changes of bone vessels during exercise and the mechanism of exercise affecting bone angiogenesis, so as to find new evidence for exercise promoting bone health. |