|
| 骨钙素在神经退行性疾病中的研究进展 |
| Research progress of osteocalcin in the neurodegenerative diseases |
| |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-7108.2022.07.025 |
| 中文关键词: 骨钙素 神经退行性疾病 认知 |
| 英文关键词:osteocalcin neurodegenerative diseases cognitive |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金（81901095） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 696 |
| 全文下载次数: 0 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 骨骼不仅是一个全身的支持器官，更是活跃的内分泌器官。由成骨细胞分泌的骨钙素（osteocalcin，OC）脱羧后进入血液循环，不仅可以调节全身能量代谢、性功能，还可以穿过血脑屏障，与海马、中脑及脑干神经元上的G蛋白偶联受体158（G protein coupled receptor158，Gpr158）结合，增加单胺类神经递质合成，减少γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid，GABA）类神经递质合成，从而促进空间学习和记忆，减轻焦虑。动物实验还发现OC可以穿越胎盘屏障，对胎儿大脑发育产生影响，并且这种激素随着年龄的增长呈降低趋势，可能参与了老年性疾病的病理过程。笔者对OC的结构与功能及在阿尔茨海默症和帕金森病两种神经退行性疾病方面的研究进展进行综述。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Bone functions not only as the supportive organ for the body, but also the active endocrine organ. Osteocalcin (OC), specifically produced by osteoblasts, was secreted into bloodstream after decarboxylation by osteoclasts. It not only regulates energy expenditure and male fertility, but also promotes spatial learning and memory as well as prevents anxiety-like behavior. After crossing the blood-brain barrier, OC binds to neurons from the hippocampal CA3 region and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN), as well as medial raphe nuclei (MRN) of the brainstem. It acts on these neurons through transcriptional events to increase the synthesis of all monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline) and to decrease the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated by G protein coupled receptor158 (Gpr158). Animal experiments have found that OC could also pass through the placental barrier and affect fetal brain development. Moreover, this hormone tends to decrease with age, which may be involved in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the structure and function of OC and the research progress in two kinds of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |