| Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is a common fragile fracture in the elderly. With the arrival of the aging society, the incidence of OVCF has been increasing year by year, which has become a serious clinical and public health problem in the world. Exercise therapy is an important preventive measure for OVCF. This paper expounds on the mechanism of exercise therapy for OVCF from the aspects of the nerve, internal secretion, shape of lumbar back muscle, spine-pelvis sagittal balance, weight, and sarcopenia, and reviews the application progress of exercise in the treatment of OVCF from the aspects of traditional lumbar back muscle training, Wuqinxi, core stability training, posture, and resistance and balance training. It is expected to deepen clinicians' understanding of the mechanism and effect of exercises in OVCF and to improve the efficacy of OVCF treatment. |