| Glucocorticoid is a kind of steroid substances produced by zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex, which plays a role in regulating growth, metabolism, and immunity of the bone. Excessive glucocorticoids inhibit bone formation and enhance bone resorption, leading to decreased bone mass, destruction of bone microarchitecture, and increased fracture risk. Previous studies confirm that glucocorticoids affect bone remodeling by acting on signaling pathways and oxidative stress in bone cells. Researches in recent years have found that glucocorticoids also induce the development of osteoporosis by affecting autophagy, ferroptosis, and exosomes. This article reviews the molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in recent years, aiming to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of GIOP. |