| Objective To investigate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar L1-L4 vertebrae before and after menopause and in different body mass indexes (BMI). Methods A total of 1549 cases were reviewed from January 2018 to January 2020 in Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure BMD of L1-L4 vertebrae. The patients were divided into pre-menopausal group and post-menopausal group according to whether they were menopausal or not, and were divided into medium low body recombination group (≤ 24 kg/m2) and high body recombination group (>24 kg/m2) according to BMI. Whether there are differences in area BMD (aBMD) values between and within groups were retrospectively analyzed. Results ①The aBMD value of lumbar spine L1-L4 in the postmenopausal group was lower than that in the premenopausal group, and the difference among groups was statistically significant. ②The aBMD values of lumbar spine L1-L4 in the premenopausal group were basically the same, and there was no significant difference among the groups. ③In the postmenopausal group, the aBMD value of lumbar spine L1 was lower than that of lumbar spine L2-L4, and the aBMD value of lumbar spine L2 was lower than that of lumbar spine L3 and L4. The difference between groups was statistically significant. The aBMD values of lumbar L3 and lumbar L4 were basically the same, and there was no significant difference between the two groups.④The aBMD values of low and middle body reconstituted lumbar spine L1-L4 were lower than those of high body reconstituted lumbar spine, and the differences among groups were statistically significant. ⑤The aBMD value of lumbar spine L1 was lower than that of lumbar spine L2-L4, and the aBMD value of lumbar spine L2 was lower than that of lumbar spine L3 and L4 in the middle and low body reconstitution. There was a statistically significant difference among the groups. The aBMD values of lumbar L3 and lumbar L4 were basically the same, and there was no significant difference between the two groups.⑥The aBMD values of L1-L4 lumbar vertebrae in high body recombination were basically the same, and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion BMD of the lumbar vertebrae in postmenopausal women and women with medium and low weight is relatively low. The risk of osteoporosis and fracture is increased. In addition, BMD of the L1 and L2 lumbar vertebrae in postmenopausal women and middle and low weight women is lower than that of L3 and L4 lumbar vertebrae, and osteoporosis and fracture are more likely to occur. |