| Osteocalcin (OC) is a type of multiple peptide hormone formed and secreted by osteoblasts, which is closely related to bone formation and is clinically used as a marker of bone formation. Recently, it has been found that OC regulates many philological and developmental activities, including brain development, nervous construction, and cognitive function, through its active form, non-carboxylated form. It is known that non-carboxylated OC may penetrate blood-brain barrier and concentrated in the brainstem, thalamus, and hypothalamus. After specific binding with serotoninergic neuron in the post raphe nuclei?and raphe nuclei, OC stimulates seronine formation, calcium flow, and frequency of action potential. Meanwhile, exercise improves cognitive function and is involved in the prevention of dementia through OC. Different type of exercise may cause different change of OC. In this review, we summarize the advances in the effect and regulation of OC on cognitive function, aiming to provide a basis for further exploration of exercise in promotion of brain health. |