| Postmenopausal osteoporosis is due to decoupling of bone formation and bone resorption caused by estrogen deficiency, which leads to bone resorption over bone formation, decrease of bone mass, decrease of bone mineral density, destruction of bone microstructure, and increase of bone fragility. With the economic and social development of our country, the aging population is increasing day by day. The prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis is also increasing, which brings great challenge to patients' families and social health care. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is considered to be a systemic disease of chronic low-grade inflammation. Estrogen deficiency activates B cells and T cells, and activates lymphocytes to secrete bone resorption factors, such as TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6, and RANKL, to promote bone resorption. It is believed that the bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency is closely related to chemokines, immune cells, and their secreted cytokines, which is the mechanism of osteoimmunology in postmenopausal osteoporosis. |