| Exosomes are membrane lipovesicles that fuse with intracellular multicellular bodies and are then released into the extracellular environment.They contain a variety of biologically active substances, including proteins, mRNA, miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, lipids, transcription factors, and cytokine receptors.Exosomes can be derived from a variety of cells, such as adipose stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.Exosomes play a role in bone remodeling by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, and genetic engineering techniques combined with exosome-based drug delivery can treat bone metabolic diseases.In this review, pathways derived from different stem cell exosomes (i.e., adipos stem cells, BMSCs, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and interumbilical band mesenchymal stem cells) regulate the bone microenvironment through proteins, mRNA, and non-coding RNAs.By exploring the role of exosomes in the bone microenvironment, this paper provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of bone-related metabolic diseases and Laying the foundation for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis. |