| The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important membranous organelle responsible for protein synthesis, folding and processing, lipid synthesis, and Ca2+ balance. Under the influence of some factors, the structure and function of ER are disturbed, leading to ER stress. Under ER stress, ER maintains its normal structure and function mainly through the processes of unfolded protein reaction and ER autophagy. There is a close relationship between ER stress and many diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis, and so on. Under ER stress, the unfolded protein response and ER autophagy may participate in the regulation of bone metabolism, which may be a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Therefore, we review the existing relevant literature and the latest research reports, aiming to elucidate the influence and mechanism of the unfolded protein response and ER autophagy on osteoporosis, and to provide new ideas for further clarifying the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis. |