| Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease caused by estrogen deficiency. Estrogen not only directly affects bone metabolism, but also indirectly induces osteoporosis through various pathways such as iron overload, immune dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. At present, there is no specific drug for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in clinical. The conventional drugs have been used: calcium, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, sex hormone supplements, estrogen receptor modulators and other maintenance treatment. Exosomes are special vesicles released by cells, which have the characteristics of high stability, strong target and low immunogenicity. They play an important role in the process of cell communication, and these characteristics can be used in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In order to solve the bottleneck problem in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, this article mainly summarizes the therapeutic effects of exosomes from different sources on postmenopausal osteoporosis and discusses the current problems and future development directions, for providing reference for the basic research and clinical treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. |