| Routine supplementation of calcium and vitamin D is effective for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and it can reduce the rate of osteoporotic fractures further. Bone strength is determined by bone mineral density and bone quality. Bone mineral density depends on highly mineralized inorganic sails (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,etc. ). Bone quality is mainly composed of organic bone matrix collagen fibers. Trace elements, especially copper, manganese and zinc,are necessary for the synthesis of collagen. This paper mainly describes the role of magnesium, zinc, copper, and manganese in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. A new concept of supplementation of tough bone elements such as magnesium, zinc, copper, and manganese for the prevention and treatment osteoporotic fracture is proposed. |